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帮助文档（华北一、二）
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  • ● 命令：ABORT

    描述: 终止当前事务

    语法:

     ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]

    ● 命令: ALTER AGGREGATE

    描述: 改变一个聚集函数的定义

    语法：

     ALTER AGGREGATE 名字 ( 类型 ) RENAME TO 新名字

    ● 命令: ALTER DATABASE

    描述: 改变一个数据库

    语法:

     

    ALTER DATABASE 名字 SET 参数 { TO | = } { 值 | DEFAULT }

    ALTER DATABASE 名字 RESET 参数

    ALTER DATABASE 名字 RENAME TO 新名字

    ALTER DATABASE 名字 OWNER TO 新属主

    ● 命令: ALTER FUNCTION

    描述: 改变一个函数的定义

    语法:

     

    ALTER FUNCTION 名字 ( [ 类型 [, ...] ] ) RENAME TO 新名字

    ALTER FUNCTION 名字 ( [ 类型 [, ...] ] ) OWNER TO 新属

    ● 命令: ALTER GROUP

    描述: 改变一个用户组

    语法:

     

    ALTER GROUP 组名称 ADD USER 用户名称 [, ... ]

    ALTER GROUP 组名称 DROP USER 用户名称 [, ... ]

    ALTER GROUP 组名称 RENAME TO 新名称

    ● 命令: ALTER INDEX

    描述: 改变一个索引的定义

    语法:

     

    ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name

    ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name

    ALTER INDEX name SET (storage_parameter = value )

    ALTER INDEX name RESET (storage_parameter [, ... ])

    ● 命令: ALTER SCHEMA

    描述: 改变一个模式的定义

    语法:

     

    ALTER SCHEMA 名字 RENAME TO 新名字

    ALTER SCHEMA 名字 OWNER TO 新属主

    ● 命令: ALTER SEQUENCE

    描述: 改变一个序列生成器的定义

    语法:

     

    ALTER SEQUENCE 名字 [ INCREMENT [ BY ] 递增 ]  [ MINVALUE 最小值 | NO 

    MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE 最大值 | NO MAXVALUE ] [ RESTART [ WITH ] 开始 ] 

    [ CACHE 缓存 ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]  [OWNED BY {表名.列名 | NONE}] ALTER 

    SEQUENCE name SET SCHEMA new_schema

    ● 命令: ALTER TYPE

    描述: 改变一个类型的定义语法:

     ALTER TYPE 名字 OWNER TO 新属主

    ● 命令: ALTER USER

    描述: 改变一个数据库用户

    语法:

     

    ALTER USER name RENAME TO newname

    ALTER USER name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }

    ALTER USER name RESET parameter

    ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]  where option can 

    be:   CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB

    ● 命令: ANALYZE

    描述: 收集关于数据库的统计信息

    语法:

     ANALYZE [VERBOSE] [ROOTPARTITION [ALL] ] [table [ (column [, ...] ) ]]

    ● 命令: BEGIN

    描述: 开始一个事务块

    语法:

     
    BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ 事务模式]  [ READ WRITE | READ ONLY  ] 
    事务模式为下面之一: 
    ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED } 

    ● 命令: CLOSE

    描述: 关闭一个游标

    语法: CLOSE 名字

    ● 命令: COMMIT

    描述: 提交当前事务

    语法: COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]

    ● 命令: COPY

    描述: 在一个文件和一个表之间拷贝数据

    语法:

     

    COPY table [(column [, ...])] FROM {'file' | STDIN} [ [WITH] [OIDS] 

    [HEADER] [DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter'] [NULL [ AS ] 'null string'] [ESCAPE 

    [ AS ] 'escape' | 'OFF'] [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF'] [CSV [QUOTE 

    [ AS ] 'quote'] [FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...]] [FILL MISSING FIELDS] [[LOG 

    ERRORS [INTO error_table] [KEEP] SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT count [ROWS | 

    PERCENT] ] COPY {table [(column [, ...])] | (query)} TO {'file' | STDOUT} 

    [ [WITH] [OIDS] [HEADER] [DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter'] [NULL [ AS ] 'null 

    string'] [ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' | 'OFF'] [CSV [QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote']  

    [FORCE QUOTE column [, ...]] ] [IGNORE EXTERNAL PARTITIONS ]

    ● 命令: CREATE AGGREGATE

    描述: 定义一个新的聚集函数

    语法:

     

    CREATE [ORDERED] AGGREGATE name (input_data_type [ , ... ]) ( SFUNC = 

    sfunc, STYPE = state_data_type [, PREFUNC = prefunc] [, FINALFUNC = ffunc] 

    [, INITCOND = initial_condition] [, SORTOP = sort_operator] )

    ● 命令: CREATE CAST

    描述: 定义一个新的类型转换

    语法:

     

    CREATE CAST (源类型 AS 目标类型)    WITH FUNCTION 函数名 (参数类型)    [ AS 

    ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CAST (源类型 AS 目标类型)    WITHOUT 

    FUNCTION    [ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]

    ● 命令: CREATE DATABASE

    描述: 创建一个新的数据库

    语法:

     

    CREATE DATABASE 数据库名称    [ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] 数据库属

    主 ]    [ TEMPLATE [=] 模板 ]    [ ENCODING [=] 编码 ]    [ TABLESPACE [=] 表

    空间 ] ]

    ● 命令: CREATE FUNCTION

    描述: 定义一个新的函数

    语法:

     

    CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION 名字 ( [ [ 参数名字 ] 参数类型 

    [, ...] ] )   RETURNS 返回类型  { LANGUAGE 语言名称    | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | 

    VOLATILE    | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | 

    STRICT    | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY 

    DEFINER    | AS 'definition'    | AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'  } …   [ WITH 

    ( attribute [, ...] ) ]

    ● 命令: CREATE GROUP

    描述: 定义一个新的用户组

    语法:

     

    CREATE GROUP 组名 [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]  option 可以为:   SUPERUSER | 

    NOSUPERUSER | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE | 

    CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER | INHERIT | NOINHERIT | LOGIN | NOLOGIN | 

    [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password' | VALID UNTIL 'timestamp' | 

    IN ROLE rolename [, ...] | IN GROUP rolename [, ...] | ROLE rolename 

    [, ...] | ADMIN rolename [, ...] | USER rolename [, ...] | SYSID uid

    ● 命令: CREATE INDEX

    描述: 定义一个新的索引

    语法:

     

    CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE 名字 AS ON 事件    TO 表 [ WHERE 条件 ]    DO 

    [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | 命令 | ( 命令 ; 命令 ... ) }

    ● 命令: CREATE SCHEMA

    描述: 定义一个新的模式

    语法:

     

    CREATE SCHEMA 模式名称 [ AUTHORIZATION 用户名称 ] [ 模式元素 [ ... ] ]

    CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION 用户名称 [ 模式元素 [ ... ] ]

    ● 命令: CREATE SEQUENCE

    描述: 定义一个新的序列生成器

    语法:

     

    CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT 

    [ BY ] increment ]   [ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE 

    maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]  [ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] 

    CYCLE ]  [OWNED BY { table.column | NONE }]

    ● 命令: CREATE TABLE

    描述: 定义一个新的表

    语法:

     

    CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name 

    (  { column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint 

    [ ... ] ]    | table_constraint   | LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | 

    EXCLUDING } DEFAULTS ] } [, ... ] )  [ INHERITS ( parent_table 

    [, ... ] ) ]  [ WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]  [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | 

    DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]  [ TABLESPACE tablespace ]  where column_constraint 

    is:  [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]  { NOT NULL | NULL | UNIQUE [ USING 

    INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] |  PRIMARY KEY [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace 

    ] | CHECK (expression) |  REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] 

    [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]    [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON 

    UPDATE action ] }  [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | 

    INITIALLY  IMMEDIATE ]  and table_constraint is:  [ CONSTRAINT 

    constraint_name ]  { UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) [ USING INDEX 

    TABLESPACE tablespace ] |  PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) [ USING 

    INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] |  CHECK ( expression ) | FOREIGN KEY 

    ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn 

    [, ... ] ) ]    [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE 

    action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] } [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY 

    DEFERRED | INITIALLY  IMMEDIATE ]

    ● 命令: CREATE TABLE AS

    描述: 以一个查询的结果定义一个新的表

    语法:

     

    CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE 表名字 [ (字段名字 

    [, ...] ) ] [ [ WITH | WITHOUT ] OIDS ]  AS query

    ● 命令: CREATE TYPE

    描述: 定义一个新的数据类型

    语法:

     

    CREATE TYPE name AS ( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] ) CREATE TYPE name 

    ( INPUT = input_function, OUTPUT = output_function [, RECEIVE = 

    receive_function] [, SEND = send_function] [, INTERNALLENGTH = 

    {internallength | VARIABLE}] [, PASSEDBYVALUE] [, ALIGNMENT = alignment] [, 

    STORAGE = storage] [, DEFAULT = default] [, ELEMENT = element] [, DELIMITER 

    = delimiter] ) CREATE TYPE name

    ● 命令: CREATE USER

    描述: 定义一个新的数据库用户帐户

    语法:

     

    CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]  where option can 

    be:  SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB | CREATEROLE | 

    NOCREATEROLE | CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER | INHERIT | NOINHERIT | LOGIN | 

    NOLOGIN | [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password' | VALID UNTIL 

    'timestamp' | IN ROLE rolename [, ...] | IN GROUP rolename [, ...] | ROLE 

    rolename [, ...] | ADMIN rolename [, ...] | USER rolename [, ...] | SYSID 

    uid | RESOURCE QUEUE queue_name

    命令: CREATE VIEW 描述: 定义一个新的视图 语法:

     

    CREATE [OR REPLACE] [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW name [ ( column_name

    [, ...] ) ] AS query

    ● 命令: DECLARE

    描述: 定义一个游标

    语法:

     

    DECLARE name [BINARY] [INSENSITIVE] [NO SCROLL] CURSOR [{WITH | WITHOUT} 

    HOLD] FOR query [FOR READ ONLY]

    ● 命令: DELETE

    描述: 删除一个表的记录

    语法:

     DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] 表 [ WHERE 条件]

    ● 命令: DROP AGGREGATE

    描述: 删除一个聚集函数

    语法:

     DROP AGGREGATE 名字 ( 类型 ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    ● 命令: DROP CAST

    描述: 删除一个类型转换

    语法:

     DROP CAST (源类型 AS 目标类型) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 

    ● 命令: DROP DATABASE

    描述: 删除一个数据库

    语法:

     DROP DATABASE 名字 

    ● 命令: DROP FUNCTION

    描述: 删除一个函数

    语法:

     DROP FUNCTION 名字 ( [ 类型 [, ...] ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 

    ● 命令: DROP GROUP

    描述: 删除一个用户组

    语法:

     DROP GROUP 名字 

    ● 命令: DROP INDEX

    描述: 删除一个索引

    语法:

     DROP INDEX 名字 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 

    ● 命令: DROP RULE

    描述: 删除一个重写规则

    语法:

     DROP RULE 名字 ON 关系 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 

    ● 命令: DROP SCHEMA

    描述: 删除一个模式

    语法:

     DROP SCHEMA 名字 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]  

    ● 命令: DROP SEQUENCE

    描述: 删除一个序列

    语法:

     DROP SEQUENCE 名字 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 

    ● 命令: DROP TABLE

    描述: 删除一个表

    语法:

     DROP TABLE 名字 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 

    ● 命令: DROP TYPE

    描述: 删除一个数据类型

    语法:

     DROP TYPE 名字 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 

    ● 命令: DROP USER

    描述: 删除一个数据库用户帐户

    语法:

     DROP USER 名字 

    ● 命令: DROP VIEW

    描述: 删除一个视图

    语法:

     DROP VIEW 名字 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 

    ● 命令: END

    描述: 提交当前事务

    语法:

     END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] 

    ● 命令: EXECUTE

    描述: 执行一个准备好的语句

    语法:

     EXECUTE 规划名称 [ (参数 [, ...] ) ] 

    ● 命令: EXPLAIN

    描述: 显示语句的执行规划

    语法:

     EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] 语句 

    ● 命令: FETCH

    描述: 恢复来自一个使用游标查询的行

    语法:

     
    FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname  direction 可以为空或下面的一
    种:  NEXT | FIRST | LAST | ABSOLUTE count  | RELATIVE count | count | ALL | 
    FORWARD |  FORWARD count  | FORWARD ALL

    ● 命令: GRANT

    描述: 定义访问权限

    语法:

     
    IGRAN { {SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER |
    TRUNCATE } [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON [TABLE] tablename [, ...] TO 
    {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION] GRANT { {USAGE | SELECT | 
    UPDATE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...] TO 
    { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION] GRANT { {CREATE | CONNECT 
    | TEMPORARY | TEMP} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON DATABASE dbname [, ...] 
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION] GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL 
    [PRIVILEGES] } ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype 
    [, ...] ] ) [, ...] TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION] 
    GRANT { USAGE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...] TO 
    {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION] GRANT { {CREATE | USAGE} 
    [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...] TO {rolename | 
    PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION] GRANT { CREATE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON 
    TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...] TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH 
    GRANT OPTION] GRANT parent_role [, ...] TO member_role [, ...] [WITH ADMIN 
    OPTION] GRANT { SELECT | INSERT | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON PROTOCOL
     protocolname TO username

    ● 命令: INSERT

    描述: 在一个表中插入记录

    语法:

     
    INSERT INTO 表名 [ ( 字段 [, ...] ) ] { DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { 表达式 | 
    DEFAULT } [, ...] ) | 子查询 } 

    ● 命令: LOCK

    描述: 锁定一个表

    语法:

     
    LOCK [ TABLE ] 名字 [, ...] [ IN lockmode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]  
    lockmode 可以是下面的一种:  
    ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE | SHARE | 
    SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE

    ● 命令: PREPARE

    描述: 为执行准备一条语句

    语法:

     PREPARE 规划名称 [ (数据类型 [, ...] ) ] AS 语句 

    ● 命令: REINDEX

    描述: 重建索引

    语法:

     REINDEX { DATABASE | TABLE | INDEX } 名字 [ FORCE ]  

    ● 命令: RELEASE SAVEPOINT

    描述: 删除一个以前定义的 savepoint

    语法:

     RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name 

    ● 命令: RESET

    描述: 恢复运行时参数值为默认值

    语法:

     
    RESET 名字  
    RESET ALL
     

    命令: REVOKE  描述: 删除访问权限  语法:

     
    REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | REFERENCES 
    | TRIGGER | TRUNCATE } [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON [TABLE] tablename 
    [, ...] FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT] REVOKE [GRANT 
    OPTION FOR] { {USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON 
    SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...] FROM { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [CASCADE | 
    RESTRICT] REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP} 
    [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON DATABASE dbname [, ...] FROM {rolename | 
    PUBLIC} [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT] REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] {EXECUTE | 
    ALL [PRIVILEGES]} ON FUNCTION funcname ( [[argmode] [argname] argtype 
    [, ...]] ) [, ...] FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT] 
    REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] {USAGE | ALL [PRIVILEGES]} ON LANGUAGE langname 
    [, ...] FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] REVOKE 
    [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {CREATE | USAGE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON SCHEMA 
    schemaname [, ...] FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT] 
    REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { CREATE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } ON TABLESPACE